كتاب Mechanics of Materials Third Edition

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Mechanics of Materials Third Edition
ROY R. CRAIG, JR.
with MDSolids software
by TIMOTHY A. PHILPOT

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CONTENTS
1 x
INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICS
OF MATERIALS 1
1.1 What Is Mechanics of Materials? 1
(Includes Color-Photo Insert)
1.2 The Fundamental Equations of
Deformable-Body Mechanics, 4
1.3 Problem-Solving Procedures, 6
1.4 Review of Static Equilibrium;
Equilibrium of Deformable Bodies, 8
1.5 Problems, 17
Chapter 1 Review, 21
2 STRESS AND STRAIN;
INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN 22
2.1 Introduction, 22
2.2 Normal Stress, 23
2.3 Extensional Strain; Thermal Strain, 31
2.4 Stress-Strain Diagrams; Mechanical
Properties of Materials, 37
2.5 Elasticity and Plasticity; Temperature
Effects, 45
2.6 Linear Elasticity; Hooke’s Law and
Poisson’s Ratio, 48
2.7 Shear Stress and Shear Strain; Shear
Modulus, 51
2.8 Introduction to Design—Axial Loads
and Direct Shear, 57
2.9 Stresses on an Inclined Plane in an
Axially Loaded Member, 65
2.10 Saint-Venant’s Principle, 67
2.11 Hooke’s Law for Plane Stress; The
Relationship Between E and G, 69
2.12 General Definitions of Stress and Strain, 72
*2.13 Cartesian Components of Stress;
Generalized Hooke’s Law for Isotropic
Materials, 82
*2.14 Mechanical Properties of Composite
Materials, 87
2.15 Problems, 89
Chapter 2 Review, 113
3 AXIAL DEFORMATION 118
3.1 Introduction, 118
3.2 Basic Theory of Axial Deformation, 118
3.3 Examples of Nonuniform Axial
Deformation, 126
3.4 Statically Determinate Structures, 136
3.5 Statically Indeterminate Structures, 143
3.6 Thermal Effects on Axial Deformation, 152
3.7 Geometric ‘‘Misfits,’’ 163
3.8 Displacement-Method Solution of
Axial-Deformation Problems, 168
*3.9 Force-Method Solution of AxialDeformation Problems, 180
*3.10 Introduction to the Analysis of Planar
Trusses, 189
*3.11 Inelastic Axial Deformation, 197
3.12 Problems, 209
Chapter 3 Review, 2344 TORSION 237
4.1 Introduction, 237
4.2 Torsional Deformation of Circular
Bars, 238
4.3 Torsion of Linearly Elastic Circular
Bars, 241
4.4 Stress Distribution in Circular Torsion
Bars; Torsion Testing, 249
4.5 Statically Determinate Assemblages of
Uniform Torsion Members, 253
4.6 Statically Indeterminate Assemblages of
Uniform Torsion Members, 258
4.7 Displacement-Method Solution of
Torsion Problems, 266
4.8 Power-Transmission Shafts, 272
*4.9 Thin-Wall Torsion Members, 275
*4.10 Torsion of Noncircular Prismatic
Bars, 280
*4.11 Inelastic Torsion of Circular
Rods, 284
4.12 Problems, 290
Chapter 4 Review, 307
5 EQUILIBRIUM OF BEAMS 309
5.1 Introduction, 309
5.2 Equilibrium of Beams Using Finite
Free-Body Diagrams, 314
5.3 Equilibrium Relationships Among
Loads, Shear Force, and Bending
Moment, 318
5.4 Shear-Force and Bending-Moment
Diagrams: Equilibrium Method 321
5.5 Shear-Force and Bending-Moment
Diagrams: Graphical Method 326
*5.6 Discontinuity Functions to Represent
Loads, Shear, and Moment, 333
5.7 Problems, 340
Chapter 5 Review, 348
6 STRESSES IN BEAMS 351
6.1 Introduction, 351
6.2 Strain-Displacement Analysis, 354
6.3 Flexural Stress in Linearly Elastic
Beams, 360
6.4 Design of Beams for Strength, 369
6.5 Flexural Stress in Nonhomogeneous
Beams, 375
*6.6 Unsymmetric Bending, 383
*6.7 Inelastic Bending of Beams, 392
6.8 Shear Stress and Shear Flow in
Beams, 402
6.9 Limitations on the Shear-Stress
Formula, 408
6.10 Shear Stress in Thin-Wall Beams, 411
6.11 Shear in Built-Up Beams, 421
*6.12 Shear Center, 425
6.13 Problems, 432
Chapter 6 Review, 460
7 DEFLECTION OF BEAMS 463
7.1 Introduction, 463
7.2 Differential Equations of the
Deflection Curve, 464
7.3 Slope and Deflection by
Integration—Statically Determinate
Beams, 470
7.4 Slope and Deflection by
Integration—Statically Indeterminate
Beams, 483
*7.5 Use of Discontinuity Functions to
Determine Beam Deflections, 488
7.6 Slope and Deflection of Beams:
Superposition Method, 495
*7.7 Slope and Deflection of Beams:
Displacement Method, 513
7.8 Problems, 520
Chapter 7 Review, 539
8 TRANSFORMATION OF STRESS
AND STRAIN; MOHR’S CIRCLE 541
8.1 Introduction, 541
8.2 Plane Stress, 542
8.3 Stress Transformation for Plane
Stress, 544
8.4 Principal Stresses and Maximum
Shear Stress, 551
8.5 Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress, 557
8.6 Triaxial Stress; Absolute Maximum
Shear Stress, 564
xi8.7 Plane Strain, 571
8.8 Transformation of Strains in a
Plane, 572
8.9 Mohr’s Circle for Strain, 576
8.10 Measurement of Strain; Strain
Rosettes, 582
*8.11 Analysis of Three-Dimensional
Strain, 587
8.12 Problems, 588
Chapter 8 Review, 601
9 PRESSURE VESSELS; STRESSES DUE
TO COMBINED LOADING 604
9.1 Introduction, 604
9.2 Thin-Wall Pressure Vessels, 605
9.3 Stress Distribution in Beams, 611
9.4 Stresses Due to Combined Loads, 616
9.5 Problems, 625
Chapter 9 Review, 633
10 BUCKLING OF COLUMNS 635
10.1 Introduction, 635
10.2 The Ideal Pin-Ended Column; Euler
Buckling Load, 638
10.3 The Effect of End Conditions on
Column Buckling, 644
*10.4 Eccentric Loading; The Secant
Formula, 651
*10.5 Imperfections in Columns, 657
*10.6 Inelastic Buckling of Ideal
Columns, 658
10.7 Design of Centrally Loaded
Columns, 662
10.8 Problems, 668
Chapter 10 Review, 681
11 ENERGY METHODS 683
11.1 Introduction, 683
11.2 Work and Strain Energy, 684
11.3 Elastic Strain Energy for Various
Types of Loading, 691
11.4 Work-Energy Principle for
Calculating Deflections, 697
11.5 Castigliano’s Second Theorem; The
Unit-Load Method, 702
*11.6 Virtual Work, 713
*11.7 Strain-Energy Methods, 717
*11.8 Complementary-Energy Methods, 722
*11.9 Dynamic Loading; Impact, 732
11.10 Problems, 737
Chapter 11 Review, 751
12 SPECIAL TOPICS RELATED
TO DESIGN 753
12.1 Introduction, 753
12.2 Stress Concentrations, 753
*12.3 Failure Theories, 760
*12.4 Fatigue and Fracture, 768
12.5 Problems, 772
Chapter 12 Review, 777
A NUMERICAL ACCURACY;
APPROXIMATIONS A-1
A.1 Numerical Accuracy; Significant
Digits, A-1
A.2 Approximations, A-2
B SYSTEMS OF UNITS B-1
B.1 Introduction, B-1
B.2 SI Units, B-1
B.3 U.S. Customary Units; Conversion of
Units, B-3
C GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF
PLANE AREAS C-1
C.1 First Moments of Area; Centroid, C-1
C.2 Moments of Inertia of an Area, C-4
C.3 Product of Inertia of an Area, C-8
C.4 Area Moments of Inertia About
Inclined Axes; Principal Moments of
Inertia, C-10
xiiD SECTION PROPERTIES OF
SELECTED STRUCTURAL SHAPES D-1
D.1 Properties of Steel Wide-Flange (W)
Shapes (U.S. Customary Units), D-2
D.2 Properties of Steel Wide-Flange (W)
Shapes (SI Units), D-3
D.3 Properties of American Standard (S)
Beams (U.S. Customary Units), D-4
D.4 Properties of American Standard (C)
Channels (U.S. Customary Units), D-5
D.5 Properties of Steel Angle Sections—
Equal Legs (U.S. Customary Units), D-6
D.6 Properties of Steel Angle Sections—
Unequal Legs (U.S. Customary Units), D-7
D.7 Properties of Standard-Weight Steel
Pipe (U.S. Customary Units), D-8
D.8 Properties of Structural Lumber (U.S.
Customary Units), D-9
D.9 Properties of Aluminum Association
Standard I-Beams (U.S. Customary
Units), D-10
D.10 Properties of Aluminum Association
Standard Channels (U.S. Customary
Units), D-11
E DEFLECTIONS AND SLOPES OF
BEAMS; FIXED-END ACTIONS E-1
E.1 Deflections and Slopes of Cantilever Uniform
Beams, E-1
E.2 Deflections and Slopes of Simply Supported
Uniform Beams, E-3
E.3 Fixed-End Actions for Uniform Beams, E-4
F MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
SELECTED ENGINEERING MATERIALS F-1
F.1 Specific Weight and Mass Density, F-2
F.2 Modulus of Elasticity, Shear
Modulus of Elasticity, and Poisson’s
Ratio, F-3
F.3 Yield Strength, Ultimate Strength,
Percent Elongation in 2 Inches,
and Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion, F-4
G COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS G-1
G.1 MDSolids, G-1
ANSWERS TO SELECTED ODDNUMBERED PROBLEMS ANS-1
REFERENCES R-1
INDEX I

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