كتاب Modern Physical Metallurgy and Materials Engineering

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Modern Physical Metallurgy and Materials Engineering
(6th Edition)

ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :

The structure and bonding of atoms
The realm of materials science
The free atom
The four electron quantum
numbers
Nomenclature for electronic
states
The Periodic Table
Interatomic bonding in materials
Bonding and energy levels
Atomic arrangements in materials
The concept of ordering
Crystal lattices and structures
Crystal directions and planes
Stereographic projection
Selected crystal structures
Pure metals
Diamond and graphite
Coordination in ionic crystals
AB-type compounds
Silica
Alumina
Complex oxides
Silicates
Inorganic glasses
Network structures in glasses
Classification of constituent
oxides
Polymeric structures
Thermoplastics
Elastomers
Thermosets
Crystallinity in polymers
Structural phases; their formation and
transitions
Crystallization from the melt
Freezing of a pure metal
Plane-front and dendritic
solidification at a cooled
surface
Forms of cast structure
Gas porosity and segregation
Directional solidification
Production of metallic single crystals
for research
Principles and applications of phase
diagrams
The concept of a phase
The Phase Rule
Stability of phases
Two-phase equilibria
Three-phase equilibria and
reactions
Intermediate phases
Limitations of phase diagrams
Some key phase diagrams
Ternary phase diagrams
Principles of alloy theory
Primary substitutional solid
solutions
Interstitial solid solutions
Types of intermediate phases
Order-disorder phenomena
The mechanism of phase changes
Kinetic considerations
Homogeneous nucleation
Heterogeneous nucleation
Nucleation in solids
Defects in solids
Types of imperfection
vi Contents
Point defects
Point defects in metals
Point defects in non-metallic
crystals
Irradiation of solids
Point defect concentration and
annealing
Line defects
Concept of a dislocation
Edge and screw dislocations
The Burgers vector
Mechanisms of slip and climb
Strain energy associated with
dislocations
Dislocations in ionic structures
Planar defects
Grain boundaries
Twin boundaries
Extended dislocations and stacking
faults in close-packed crystals
Volume defects
Void formation and annealing
Irradiation and voiding
Voiding and fracture
Defect behaviour in some real
materials
Dislocation vector diagrams and the
Thompson tetrahedron
Dislocations and stacking faults in
fcc structures
Dislocations and stacking faults in
cph structures
Dislocations and stacking faults in
bcc structures
Dislocations and stacking faults in
ordered structures
Dislocations and stacking faults in
ceramics
Defects in crystalline
polymers
Defects in glasses
Stability of defects
Dislocation loops
Voids
Nuclear irradiation effects
The characterization of materials
Tools of characterization
Light microscopy
Basic principles
Selected microscopical
techniques
X-ray diffraction analysis
Production and absorption of
X-rays
Diffraction of X-rays by
crystals
X-ray diffraction methods
Typical interpretative procedures for
diffraction patterns
Analytical electron microscopy
Interaction of an electron beam with
a solid
The transmission electron
microscope (TEM)
The scanning electron
microscope
Theoretical aspects of TEM
Chemical microanalysis
Electron energy loss spectroscopy
(EELS)
Auger electron spectroscopy
(AES)
Observation of defects
Etch pitting
Dislocation decoration
Dislocation strain contrast in
TEM
Contrast from crystals
Imaging of dislocations
Imaging of stacking faults
Application of dynamical
theory
Weak-beam microscopy
Specialized bombardment techniques
Neutron diffraction
Synchrotron radiation studies
Secondary ion mass spectrometry
(SIMS)
Thermal analysis
General capabilities of thermal
analysis
Thermogravimetric analysis
Differential thermal analysis
Differential scanning
calorimetry
The physical properties of materials
Introduction
Density
Thermal properties
Thermal expansion
Specific heat capacity
The specific heat curve and
transformations
Free energy of transformation
Diffusion
Diffusion laws
Mechanisms of diffusion
Factors affecting diffusion
Anelasticity and internal friction
Ordering in alloys
Long-range and short-range
order
Contents vii
Detection of ordering
Influence of ordering upon
properties
Electrical properties
Electrical conductivity
Semiconductors
Superconductivity
Oxide superconductors
Magnetic properties
Magnetic susceptibility
Diamagnetism and
paramagnetism
Ferromagnetism
Magnetic alloys
Anti-ferromagnetism and
ferrimagnetism
Dielectric materials
Polarization
Capacitors and insulators
Piezoelectric materials
Pyroelectric and ferroelectric
materials
Optical properties
Reflection, absorption and
transmission effects
Optical fibres
Lasers
Ceramic ‘windows’
Electro-optic ceramics
Mechanical behaviour of materials
Mechanical testing procedures
Introduction
The tensile test
Indentation hardness testing
Impact testing
Creep testing
Fatigue testing
Testing of ceramics
Elastic deformation
Elastic deformation of metals
Elastic deformation of
ceramics
Plastic deformation
Slip and twinning
Resolved shear stress
Relation of slip to crystal
structure
Law of critical resolved shear
stress
Multiple slip
Relation between work-hardening
and slip
Dislocation behaviour during plastic
deformation
Dislocation mobility
Variation of yield stress with
temperature and strain rate
Dislocation source operation
Discontinuous yielding
Yield points and crystal
structure
Discontinuous yielding in ordered
alloys
Solute–dislocation interaction
Dislocation locking and
temperature
Inhomogeneity interaction
Kinetics of strain-ageing
Influence of grain boundaries on
plasticity
Superplasticity
Mechanical twinning
Crystallography of twinning
Nucleation and growth of
twins
Effect of impurities on
twinning
Effect of prestrain on twinning
Dislocation mechanism of
twinning
Twinning and fracture
Strengthening and hardening
mechanisms
Point defect hardening
Work-hardening
Development of preferred
orientation
Macroscopic plasticity
Tresca and von Mises criteria
Effective stress and strain
Annealing
General effects of annealing
Recovery
Recrystallization
Grain growth
Annealing twins
Recrystallization textures
Metallic creep
Transient and steady-state
creep
Grain boundary contribution to
creep
Tertiary creep and fracture
Creep-resistant alloy design
Deformation mechanism maps
Metallic fatigue
Nature of fatigue failure
Engineering aspects of fatigue
Structural changes accompanying
fatigue
Crack formation and fatigue
failure
viii Contents
Fatigue at elevated
temperatures
Strengthening and toughening
Introduction
Strengthening of non-ferrous alloys by
heat-treatment
Precipitation-hardening of Al–Cu
alloys
Precipitation-hardening of Al–Ag
alloys
Mechanisms of
precipitation-hardening
Vacancies and precipitation
Duplex ageing
Particle-coarsening
Spinodal decomposition
Strengthening of steels by
heat-treatment
Time–temperature–transformation
diagrams
Austenite–pearlite
transformation
Austenite–martensite
transformation
Austenite–bainite
transformation
Tempering of martensite
Thermo-mechanical
treatments
Fracture and toughness
Griffith micro-crack criterion
Fracture toughness
Cleavage and the ductile–brittle
transition
Factors affecting brittleness of
steels
Hydrogen embrittlement of
steels
Intergranular fracture
Ductile failure
Rupture
Voiding and fracture at elevated
temperatures
Fracture mechanism maps
Crack growth under fatigue
conditions
Modern alloy developments
Introduction
Commercial steels
Plain carbon steels
Alloy steels
Maraging steels
High-strength low-alloy (HSLA)
steels
Dual-phase (DP) steels
Mechanically alloyed (MA)
steels
Designation of steels
Cast irons
Superalloys
Basic alloying features
Nickel-based superalloy
development
Dispersion-hardened
superalloys
Titanium alloys
Basic alloying and heat-treatment
features
Commercial titanium alloys
Processing of titanium alloys
Structural intermetallic compounds
General properties of intermetallic
compounds
Nickel aluminides
Titanium aluminides
Other intermetallic compounds
Aluminium alloys
Designation of aluminium
alloys
Applications of aluminium
alloys
Aluminium-lithium alloys
Processing developments
Ceramics and glasses
Classification of ceramics
General properties of ceramics
Production of ceramic powders
Selected engineering ceramics
Alumina
From silicon nitride to sialons
Zirconia
Glass-ceramics
Silicon carbide
Carbon
Aspects of glass technology
Viscous deformation of glass
Some special glasses
Toughened and laminated
glasses
The time-dependency of strength in
ceramics and glasses
Plastics and composites
Utilization of polymeric materials
Introduction
Mechanical aspects of Tg
The role of additives
Some applications of important
plastics
Management of waste plastics
Contents ix
Behaviour of plastics during
processing
Cold-drawing and crazing
Processing methods for
thermoplastics
Production of thermosets
Viscous aspects of melt
behaviour
Elastic aspects of melt
behaviour
Flow defects
Fibre-reinforced composite materials
Introduction to basic structural
principles
Types of fibre-reinforced
composite
Corrosion and surface
engineering
The engineering importance of
surfaces
Metallic corrosion
Oxidation at high temperatures
Aqueous corrosion
Surface engineering
The coating and modification of
surfaces
Surface coating by vapour
deposition
Surface coating by particle
bombardment
Surface modification with
high-energy beams
Biomaterials
Introduction
Requirements for biomaterials
Dental materials
Cavity fillers
Bridges, crowns and dentures
Dental implants
The structure of bone and bone
fractures
Replacement joints
Hip joints
Shoulder joints
Knee joints
Finger joints and hand surgery
Reconstructive surgery
Plastic surgery
Maxillofacial surgery
Ear implants
Biomaterials for heart repair
Heart valves
Pacemakers
Artificial arteries
Tissue repair and growth
Other surgical applications
Ophthalmics
Drug delivery systems
Materials for sports
The revolution in sports products
The tradition of using wood
Tennis rackets
Frames for tennis rackets
Strings for tennis rackets
Golf clubs
Kinetic aspects of a golf
stroke
Golf club shafts
Wood-type club heads
Iron-type club heads
Putting heads
Archery bows and arrows
The longbow
Bow design
Arrow design
Bicycles for sport
Frame design
Joining techniques for metallic
frames
Frame assembly using epoxy
adhesives
Composite frames
Bicycle wheels
Fencing foils
Materials for snow sports
General requirements
Snowboarding equipment
Skiing equipment
Safety helmets
Function and form of safety
helmets
Mechanical behaviour of
foams
Mechanical testing of safety
helmets
Appendices
SI units
Conversion factors, constants and physical
data
Figure references
Index

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شارك معنا فى حملة فيد وإستفيد

شارك معنا فى المسابقة الهندسية الشهرية

كيفية التسجيل فى منتدى هندسة الإنتاج والتصميم الميكانيكى

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