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 |  موضوع: كتاب Electromechanical Design Handbook الجمعة 6 أبريل 2012 - 13:02 | |
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Electromechanical Design Handbook
ويتناول الموضوعات الأتية :
Chapter Mathematics Reference and Measurement System Conversions
Plane Geometry
Transposing Equations
Algebraic Factors and Expansions
Imaginary Numbers
Complex Numbers
Trigonometric Form of a Complex Number
Radicals
Factorials
Ratios and Proportions
Summation
Permutations, Combinations, and Progressions
Quadratic Equations
Cubic Equations
General Quartic Equations
Powers-of-Ten Notation
Logarithms
Binomial Formula
Determinants
Second-Order Determinants
Third-Order Determinants
Trigonometry
Functions of Angles in a Right Triangle
Signs and Limits of Trigonometric Functions
Equivalent Expressions (Identities)
Solution of Triangles
Analytic Geometry
Straight-Line Equations
Linear Functions of Lines
Equations of the Common Geometric Forms
Relating Rectangular and Polar Coordinates
Other Useful Curves
Basic Calculus
Derivatives
Differentiation Formulas for Algebraic Functions
Differentiation Formulas for Transcendental Functions
Applications of the Derivative
Integrals and Integration
Other Useful Integration Formulas
Partial Derivatives
Differentials
Double or Iterated Integrals
Percentages, Compound-Interest Calculations, and Engineering Economics
Percentages
Compound Interest
Engineering Economics
The Involute Function
Involute Geometry
Plotting the Involute Curve
US Customary and Metric (SI) Measures and Conversions
Temperature Systems
Mathematical Signs and Symbols
Factors and Prime Numbers
Newton’s Method for Solving Intractable Equations
The Greek Alphabet
Decimal Chart
Degrees and Radians Chart
Chapter Practical Engineering Mechanics
Definitions and Basic Units of Mechanics
Statics
Resolution of Forces at °
Resolution of Forces Not at °
Resolution of Noncoplanar Forces
Coplanar Force Systems
Noncoplanar, Concurrent Force Systems
Graphical Resolution of Coplanar Forces
Systems in Equilibrium
Dynamics
Moments of Inertia
Polar Moments of Inertia of Areas
Polar Moments of Inertia of Masses
Moments of Complex Areas and Masses
Transfer of Axes
Approximate Calculations for I
Moments of Plane Areas by Integration
Section Modulus
Radius of Gyration
Center of Percussion
Center of Gravity
Acceleration Resulting from Unbalanced Forces
Rectilinear Motion with Constant Velocity
Rectilinear Motion with Constant Acceleration
Rotary Motion with Constant Acceleration
Torque and Angular Acceleration
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Force and Energy in a Force Field
Work and Power
Centrifugal Force
Conversions
Mechanics in Product Design
Impulse and Linear Momentum
Angular Impulse and Momentum
Symbols Used in Mechanics
Constants
Newton’s Method for Solving Intractable Equations
Mechanics Conversions
Reference Axes in Mechanics Problems
Systematic Simplification of Complex Dynamics Problems in Industrial
Applications
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Basic Engineering Mechanics Equations
Acceleration or Retarded Motion—General Equations
Rotary Motion—Uniform
Rotary Motion—Accelerated
Chapter Mensuration, Descriptive Geometry, and Basic Optics
Mensuration
Area, Volume of Irregular Plane Areas, and Solid Masses
Properties of the Circle
Basic Descriptive Geometry
True Lengths of Lines
Common Perpendicular to Two Skew Lines
True Size of a Plane
The Angle Between Any Two Planes
Resultant of Three Concurrent, Noncoplanar Forces
Basic Optics
Relative Aperture, or f Number
Lensmaker’s Equation
Lens Pairs
Magnification with Closeup Lenses (Cameras)
The Nature of Light
Optical Lenses
Chapter Engineering Materials, Properties, and Uses
Irons and Steels
Characteristics of Plain-Carbon and Common Alloy Steels
Identification of Stainless Steels
Brinell Hardness Testing
AISI-SAE Designation System for Steels
Common Aluminum Alloys
Copper and Its Alloys
Other Common Metals and Alloys
Common Plastics
Common Plastics—Mechanical Properties
Petrochemical Origin of the Plastics
Insulating Materials
Elastomers
Common Woods
Thermal Expansion of Materials
Special-Purpose Alloys
Material Specifications and Application Data for Important Engineering
Metals and Alloys
Hardening Processes for Metals
Hardening of Steels and Beryllium Copper
Testing Materials for Hardness
Color Scale of Temperature
Standard Pipe Dimensions
Common and Formal Names of Chemicals
Conductive Properties of Various Metals and Alloys
Electromotive Series
Chemical Symbols for Metals
The Elements
Laboratory Analysis of Materials
Obsolete SAE Steels
Identification of Plastics
Chemical Resistance of Plastics
Hardness Values of Selected Elastomers
Durometer Scales—Shore Hardness
Weights and Specific Gravities of Various Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Strength of Materials
Common Terms Used in Strength of Materials
Impact Stresses
Shock Loads and Developed Stresses
Fatigue
Vibratory Stresses in Bars and Beams
Beams and Reactions at the Supports
Shear Diagrams
Moment Diagrams
Bending
Ultimate Strength of Beams
Torsion
Buckling and Bending Failure of Columns
Rankine or Gordon Equation
Euler Equation
Machine Elements Used as Columns
Moments of Inertia
Properties of Sections
Beam Equations—AISC Standard
Combined Stresses
Pressure Vessels
Eyebolt Safe Loads
Hardness Conversion Equivalents
Special Joint Applications
Converting Beam Equations for Maximum Stress at Any Point
Chapter Electrical and Electronic Engineering Practices and Design Data
Terms, Conversions, Factors, Constants, and Properties
Common Electrical Terms
Physical Constants
Quantities of Electricity, Magnetism, and Light
Electrical Conversion Factors
Resistivity and Conductivity Conversion
Prefixes for Powers of Ten
Metal Weights, Melting Points, and Conductivities
Dielectric Constants
Circuit Elements
Basic Circuit Formulas
Ohm’s Law for DC and AC Circuits
Decibels
Wavelength
Properties of Electrical Metals
Electrical Components
Resistors
Capacitors
Inductors
Solenoids
Relays
Electric Motors and Codes
Switches
Transformers
Copper Wire Current-Carrying Capacity
Fusing Time Current for Copper Conductors
Electrical Power System Components
Current-Carrying Capacities, Copper Conductors
Heating in Electrical Conductors
Short-Circuit Calculations in High-Current Busses
Temperature Rise during Short Circuits
Deflection and Stress Equations for Busses
Insulator Systems and Materials
Electrical Clearances of Conductors through Air
Common Electronic and Electrical Terms and Definitions
Common Electrical and Electronic Abbreviations and Acronyms
Electronics and Electronic Components
Resistors
Capacitors
Inductors
Transistors
Diodes
Varistors
Thermistors
Varactors
Integrated Circuits
Solid-State Semiconductor and IC Package Identification
Electronic Component Data and IC Circuit Manuals
Printed-Circuit Boards
Materials
Determining Track Width on Copper PCs
Prototype Fabrication of PC Boards
Electrochemical Battery Systems
Battery Design Applications
Characteristics of Battery Systems
Battery Cross-Referencing
Typical Curves and Procedures for Standby Battery Systems
Battery Charger Systems
Battery Systems for Automotive Power
Electrical Measuring Instruments
Thermocouples and Their Characteristics
Thermocouple Principles
Strain Gauges
Load Cells
Electrical and Electronic Test Instruments
The Versatile Oscilloscope
Voltage and Frequency Measurements Using the Oscilloscope
The Oscilloscope as a Bridge Null Indicator
Electronic Packaging Techniques
Basic Electric Circuit Analysis and Procedures—DC and AC
Basic RCL Characteristics
Circuit Analysis Laws, Theorems, and Methods
Basic Three-Phase AC Electrical Power Circuits
The Fundamental Vector Analysis Relationships and Coordinate
Transformations
Complex Quantities
Basic Vector Algebra
Bridge Circuits for Electrical Element Measurements: R, C, and L
Electrical and Electronic Symbols
International Electrical and Electronic Component Trademarks
Fusing Wire Sizes and Materials
Short Circuits in Electric Power Distribution Equipment (Switchgear)
Short-Circuit Calculations for Electric Power Distribution Systems
Electrical and Electronic Reference Data
Vector Algebra for AC Electric Circuits
Chapter Comprehensive Spring Design
Introduction to Spring Design
Spring Design Procedures
Compression and Extension Springs
Solid Height of Compression Springs
Initial Tension in Close-Wound Extension Springs
Active Coils (Compression Springs)
Conical Compression Springs
Spring Energy Content
Expansion of Compression Springs When Deflected
Compression Spring Features
Torsion Springs
Symbols for Torsion Springs
Torsion Spring Reduction of Diameter
Spiral Torsion Springs
Spring Energy (Torsion and Coil Springs)
Symbols for Spiral Torsion Springs
Flat Springs
Spring Washers
Belleville Washers (Disk Springs)
Simple Belleville Applications
Hair Springs
Torsion Bars
Allowable Working Stresses in Springs
Spring End Types
Preferred Ends
Special Ends
Spring Materials Data
Materials and Properties
Minimum Yield Strength of Spring Wire
Poisson’s Ratios for Spring Materials
Spring Calculations and Sample Designs
Calculation Examples
Spring Design by Programmable Calculator
Spring Rate Curves
Spring Drawings or Forms
Simplified Spring Drawings
Spring Tolerances
Spring Material Analysis
Heat Treatment and Postbaking of Electroplated Springs
Heat Treatment of Springs
Electroplating Springs
Postbaking Electroplated Springs
Dynamics of Helical Compression and Extension Springs
Spring Rates for Spring Combinations
Final Notes on Spring Design
Spring Terminology for Design and Manufacturing
Elastomer Springs
Chapter Machine Element Design and Mechanisms
Power Transmission Components and Design Procedures
Belts and Sheaves
Standard V-Belts
V-Belt Drive Calculations
Belt Drive Design Procedures
Timing Belts
Chains and Sprockets
Horsepower Capacity of Chain Drives
Conveyor Applications for Roller Chains
Shafts and Shafting Materials
Torsion in Shafts
Bending in Shafts (Linear Deflection)
Bending Stresses in Shafts
Torsional Stresses in Shafts
Critical Speeds of Shafts
Shaft Polar Moment and Polar Section Modulus
Standard Keyways and Setscrews for Shafts
Shaft Overhung Loads
Shafting Applications, Materials, and Heat Treatment
Hardness Ranges—Shafting
Couplings
Hooke’s Coupling (Cardan Universal Joint)
Sleeve Couplings
Flanged and Flexible Couplings
Clutches
Power Transmitted by Disk Clutches
Cone Clutches
Electromagnetic Clutches
Shock Absorbers—Calculations and Selection
Power Screws
Power Screw Loads and Efficiencies for Square, V, and Acme Threads
Load Capabilities of Power Screws
Lead Screws and Design Calculations
Ratchets and Ratchet Gearing
Ratchet Gear Design
Methods for Layout of Ratchet Gear Systems
Calculating the Pitch and Face Width of Ratchet-Wheel Teeth
Gearing and Design Procedures
Gears in Common Use and Manufacturing Methods
Gear Action and Definitions
Pressure Angles and the Diametral Pitch System
Module Gear System (Metric Standard)
Gear Types, Geometries, Measurements, and Calculations
Spur Gears
Stem Pinions
Internal Gears
Straight Miter and Bevel Gears
Spiral Miter and Bevel Gears
Worm Gears
Other Gear Systems
Zerol Bevel Gears
Hypoid Gears
Face Gears
Crossed-Helical Gears
Double-Enveloping Worm Gears
Spiroid Gears
Gear Tooth Gauges
Gear Materials and Hardness Ranges
Plastic Gears and Materials
Ferrous and Nonferrous Gear Materials
and Their Characteristics and Processes
Gear Quality Numbers (AGMA)
AGMA Gear Specification Sample Sheet
Forces and Wear Loads in Gearing Systems
Forces in Gear Systems (Bearing Loads)
Nomenclature (Bearing Forces)
Vertical, Horizontal, Radial Reactions (Shaft on Two Supports)
Gear Loads and Design Procedures
Spur Gear Loads and Design Procedures
Helical Gear Loads and Design Procedures
Bevel Gear Loads and Design Procedures
Worm Gear Loads and Design Procedures
Epicyclic Gearing
Speed-Ratio Definition and Number of Teeth in Epicyclic Systems
Epicyclic Drive Train Calculations for Simple Planetary Systems
Gear-Train Calculations
Gear-Train Design Procedures
Force Ratios for Gear Trains
Differential Gearing
Sprockets: Geometry and Dimensioning
Ratchets
Gear Design Programs for PCs and CAD Stations
Keyways and Setscrews for Gear Shafts
Calculations for Power, Torque, Force, Velocity, and RPM
Additional Gear Data and References
Gear Wear and Failure
Gear Manufacturing Processes
Gear Lubrication
Gear Summary Sheets
Cams: Development, Layout, and Design
Cam Motions
Uniform-Motion Cam Layout
Accelerated-Motion Cam Layout
Cylindrical Cam Layout
Eccentric Cams
The Cam Follower
Pressure Angle of the Cam Follower
Contact Stresses between Follower and Cam
Cam Torque
Cam Manufacture
Dynamic Analysis of Cams during Operation
Various Cam Types or Designs
Antifriction Bearings
Plain Bearings: Sleeve and Flanged (Journal)
Selection of Plain Bearings by PV Calculations
Plain Bearing Wear Life Calculations
Heat Dissipation in Plain Bearings
Standard Specifications for Babbitt Metal Bearings
Rolling-Element Antifriction Bearings
Load Ratings and Fatigue Life for Ball and Roller Bearings
Allowances for Fits (Applicable to Antifriction Bearings, etc)
Selection of Bearings: Sources and Procedures
Bearing Sources
Bearing Loads in Mechanical Systems
Mechanisms and Linkages: Design, Operating Principles, and Analysis
Basic and Compound Mechanisms
Space Mechanisms
Linkages
Linkage Analysis
Mechanism and Linkage Applications
Columns Used as Machine Elements
Stresses Due to Interference or Force Fits in Mechanisms
Forces and Torques for Force Fits
Shrink-Fit Assemblies
Interference-Fit Pressures and Stresses
Forces and Vector Forces on Taper Keys or Wedges
Limits and Fits: US Customary and SI (Metric) Standards
Chapter Pneumatics, Hydraulics, Air Handling, and Heat
Pneumatics
Pressure, Volume, and Temperature of Air
Adiabatic and Isothermal Compression or Expansion of Air
Work or Energy Requirements for Air Compression
Horsepower Requirements for Air Compression
Airflow in Pipes
Compressed Airflow in Pipes
Stresses in Pressurized Cylinders
Gas Constants
Basic Hydraulics
Fluid Flow, Pressure, and Volume Equivalents
Basic Fluid Power Equations
Hydraulic Application Equations (Fluid Flow in Channels and Pipes)
Hydraulic- and Air-Line Sizes and Thread Connections
Air-Handling Data
Basic Laws for Air-Moving Equipment
Air-Moving Equations
Transmission of Heat
Ventilation and Air Quality
Specific Heat (Thermal Capacity)
Properties of Liquids
Temperatures of Mixtures and Heat Requirements
Heat Required to Raise Temperature of Materials
Heat Equivalents
Heat Losses
Fan Requirements for Enclosed Equipment
Sizing Heat Exchangers and Air Conditioners
Enclosure Cooling with Fans, Fins, and Radiation
Viscosity Equivalents: Universal Viscosity Measuring Systems
Hydraulic and Pneumatic Component Systems
Chapter Fastening and Joining Techniques and Design Data
Threaded Fasteners: Bolts, Screws, and Nuts
Dimensions of Bolts, Screws, Nuts, and Washers
Grade Classification and Strength of Standard Bolts, Screws, and Nuts
Tightening Torques and Clamp Loads of the Different Grades and Sizes of
Machine Bolts
Setscrews, Self-Tapping, Thread-Forming, and Wood Screws
Wrench Clearances for Design Applications
Thread Systems: American Standard and Metric (° V)
Unified and Metric Thread Data
Rivets
Basic Stresses in Riveted Joints
General Sizing of Rivets
Pins
Clevis Pins
Cotter Pins
Spring Pins (Roll Pins)
Spiral Spring Pins (Coiled Spring Pins)
Taper Pins
Dowel Pins (Hardened and Ground Machine Type)
Grooved Pins
Quick-Release Pins
Retaining Rings
X Washers (Split Washers)
Set, Clamp, and Split Collars
Machinery Bushings, Shims, and Arbor Spacers
Specialty Fasteners
Welding, Brazing, and Soldering
Welding
Brazing
Soldering
Adhesive Bonding
Chapter Sheet-Metal Design, Layout, and Fabrication Practices
Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Sheets
Nonferrous Sheet Metal
Machinery for Sheet-Metal Fabrication
Modern Sheet-Metal Manufacturing Machinery
Gauging Systems
Aluminum Sheet-Metal Standard Thicknesses
Sheet-Metal Fabrication Methods
Sheet-Metal Cutting Methods
Sheet-Metal Punching Methods
Sheet-Metal Forming Methods
Sheet-Metal Flat Patterns
Setback or J Chart for Determining Bend Deductions
Bend Radii for Aluminum Alloy and Steel Sheet (Average)
Sheet-Metal Developments and Transitions
Skin Development
Canted-Station Skin Development (Bulkheads at an Angle to Axis)
Developing Flat Patterns
Stiffening Sheet-Metal Parts
Sheet-Metal Faying Surfaces
Design Points for Sheet-Metal Parts
Typical Transitions and Developments
Developing a Truncated Right Pyramid
Developing an Oblique Pyramid
Developing a Truncated Right Cylinder
Developing a Truncated Right Circular Cone
Developing an Oblique Cone
Conical Connection between Two Cylindrical Pipes
Developing Transition Pieces
Triangulation of Warped Surfaces
Sheet-Metal Fabrication Practices
Light-Gauge Sheet-Metal Structural Forms: Dimensions and Strengths
The Effects of Cold Working Steel
Advanced Sheet-Metal Cutting Methods and Special Die Forming
Sheet-Metal Angled Corner-Flange Notching: Flat-Pattern Development
Calculating Angular Bent-Flange Corner Notching
Chapter Castings, Moldings, Extrusions, and Powder-Metal Technology
Castings
Sand Casting
Shell Casting
Carbon Dioxide Casting
Plaster Mold Casting
Composite Mold Casting
Investment Casting
Ceramic Mold Casting
Permanent Mold Casting
Die Casting
Evaporative Pattern Casting (EPC)
Slush Casting
Ferrous Metal Alloys Used in Casting
Gray Iron Castings
Ductile Iron Castings
Malleable Iron Castings
Steel and Alloy Steel Castings
Representative Casting Metals and Alloys
ASTM-Listed Cast Irons and Steels
ASTM—Cast Irons and Cast Steels
Plastic Moldings
Prototypes of the Plastics
Properties and Characteristics of Modern Plastics
Design of Molded Plastic Parts
Plastics Molding Machinery and Molds
Extrusions
Powder-Metal Technology
Design of Powder-Metal Parts
Table for Squares, Hexagons, and Octagons
Design Guides for Cast and Molded Metal Plastics and Parts
Chapter Engineering Finishes, Plating Practices, and Specifications
Finishes
Corrosion of Metals: Principles
Electroplating Data and Specifications
Electroplating and Oxide Layer Thickness Ranges
Anodic Coating Thickness (Anodized Parts)
Electroplating Thicknesses and Specifications
Plating Metals: Characteristics and Properties
Summary of Plating and Finishing
Coloring Processes for Metals and Alloys
Coloring Metals (Ferrous and Nonferrous)
Etching Metals
Anodizing
Paint Finishing
Estimating Paint Film Thickness and Coverage
Chapter Manufacturing Machinery and Dimension and Tolerancing
Practices
Manufacturing Machinery and Machine Tools
Typical Manufacturing Machinery, Equipment, and Tools
Basic Dimensioning and Tolerancing Procedures
General Dimensioning and Tolerancing Practices
Tolerance Accumulation
Dimensioning per ANSI YM-
ANSI YM- Tolerancing Practices
Direct Tolerancing Methods
Positional Tolerancing
Examples of ANSI YM- Dimensioning and Tolerancing Practices
Design Notes on Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Symbols Used in ANSI YM- and ISO Dimensioning and
Tolerancing
Typical Industrial Design Engineering Drawings
Chapter Subjects of Importance to the Design Engineer
Societies, Associations, Institutes, and Specification Authorities
ANSI Standards Applicable to Product Design Engineering and Manufacturing
Processes and Inspection
Approval Associations and Their Trademarks
Frequently Used Mechanical, Electrical, and Electronic Standards
United States Patents
Product Liability
Prototypes of Products
Computers in Design
Electromechanical System Design
Quality-Control Systems
Test Laboratories
Engineering Drawing Sizes and Formats
Index I
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