كتاب Machine Devices and Components Illustrated Sourcebook

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Machine Devices and Components Illustrated Sourcebook
Parmley, Robert
Contents

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Preface . ix
Introduction . xi
Section 1. Ingenious Mechanisms . 1-1
1.1 Modified Geneva Drives and Special Mechanisms . 1-2
1.2 Overriding Spring Mechanisms for Low-torque Drives 1-4
1.3 10 Ways to Amplify Mechanical Movements . 1-6
1.4 10 Ways to Amplify Mechanical Action . 1-8
1.5 How to Damp Axial and Rotational Motion 1-10
1.6 Make Diaphragms Work for You . 1-12
1.7 4 Ways to Eliminate Backlash . 1-14
1.8 4 More Ways to Prevent Backlash 1-16
1.9 Limit-switch Backlash 1-18
Section 2. Creative Assemblies . 2-1
2.1 Rotary Piston Engine . 2-2
2.2 Milk Transfer System . 2-3
2.3 Hydraulic Motor . 2-4
2.4 Slash Errors with Sensitive Balance 2-5
2.5 Control-locked Thwart Vibration and Shock 2-6
2.6 1-way Output from Speed Reducers . 2-8
2.7 Torque-limiters Protect Light-duty Drives 2-10
2.8 6 Ways to Prevent Overloading . 2-12
2.9 7 More Ways to Prevent Overloading . 2-14
2.10 7 Ways to Limit Shaft Rotation 2-16
2.11 Devices for Indexing or Holding Mechanical Movements 2-18
2.12 Saw-matic Mechanism 2-19
2.13 Piping Assembly for Sewage Lift Station Control Vault . 2-20
2.14 Water Bike . 2-21
Section 3. Linkages 3-1
3.1 8 Basic Push-pull Linkages . 3-2
3.2 5 Linkages for Straight-line Motion 3-4
3.3 10 Ways to Change Straight-line Direction . 3-6
3.4 9 More Ways to Change Straight-line Direction 3-8
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3.5 Linkage for Accelerating and Decelerating Linear Strokes . 3-10
3.6 Linkages for Multiplying Short Motions 3-12
3.7 Seven Popular Types of Three-dimensional Drives 3-14
3.8 Power Thrust Linkages and Their Applications . 3-18
3.9 Toggle Linkage Applications in Different Mechanisms 3-20
3.10 Four-bar Linkages and Typical Industrial Applications . 3-22
Section 4. Connections 4-1
4.1 14 Ways to Fasten Hubs to Shafts 4-2
4.2 Attaching Hubless Gears to Shafts . 4-4
4.3 10 Different Types of Splined Connections . 4-6
4.4 Alternates for Doweled Fasteners . 4-8
4.5 6 More Alternates for Doweled Fastenings . 4-10
4.6 29 Ways to Fasten Springs . 4-12
4.7 20 Tamper-proof Fasteners . 4-16
4.8 Lanced Metal Eliminates Separate Fasteners . 4-18
4.9 Joining Circular Parts without Fasteners . 4-20
Section 5. Locking Devices & Methods 5-1
5.1 Friction Clamping Devices . 5-2
5.2 Retaining and Locking Detents . 5-4
5.3 How Spring Clamps Hold Workpieces 5-6
5.4 Holding Fixture for Workpiece . 5-8
5.5 15 Ways to Fasten Gears to Shafts 5-9
5.6 8 Control Mountings 5-14
5.7 8 Interlocking Sheetmetal Fasteners . 5-16
5.8 Fastening Sheet-metal Parts by Tongues, Snaps, or Clinching 5-18
5.9 Snap Fasteners for Polyethylene 5-20
5.10 Snap Fasteners for Polystyrene 5-22
Section 6. Gears & Gearing 6-1
6.1 Nomenclature of Gears . 6-2
6.2 Graphical Representation of Gear Dimensions . 6-4
6.3 Worksheet Streamlines Bevel-gear Calculations 6-6
6.4 Alignment Chart for Face Gears 6-8
6.5 Power Capacity of Spur Gears 6-10
6.6 Linear to Angular Conversion of Gear-tooth Index Error . 6-13
6.7 Checklist for Planetary-gear Sets 6-14
6.8 Epicyclic Gear Trains 6-16
6.9 Cycloid Gear Mechanisms 6-18
6.10 Cardan-gear Mechanisms . 6-25
6.11 Typical Methods of Providing Lubrication for Gear Systems . 6-27
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Section 7. Clutches . 7-1
7.1 Basic Types of Mechanical Clutches . 7-2
7.2 Construction Details of Overriding Clutches 7-4
7.3 10 Ways to Apply Overrunning Clutches . 7-6
7.4 Low-cost Designs for Overrunning Clutches . 7-8
7.5 Small Mechanical Clutches for Precise Service 7-10
7.6 Centrifugal Clutches 7-12
7.7 Serrated Clutches and Detents . 7-16
7.8 Spring Bands Grip Tightly to Drive Overrunning Clutch 7-18
7.9 Accurate Solution for Disk-clutch Torque Capacity . 7-19
7.10 Spring-loaded Pins Aid Sprags in One-way Clutch . 7-20
7.11 Rolling-type Clutch 7-20
Section 8. Chains, Sprockets & Ratchets . 8-1
8.1 History of Chains . 8-2
8.2 Ingenious Jobs for Roller Chain 8-4
8.3 Bead Chains for Light Service . 8-8
8.4 Methods for Reducing Pulsations in Chain Drives 8-10
8.5 Lubrication of Roller Chains 8-12
8.6 Sheet Metal Gears, Sprockets, Worms & Ratchets 8-14
8.7 Ratchet Layout Analyzed 8-16
8.8 No Teeth Ratchets 8-18
8.9 One-way Drive Chain Solves Problem of Sprocket Skip . 8-20
Section 9. Belts & Belting 9-1
9.1 Ten Types of Belt Drives . 9-2
9.2 Find the Length of Open and Closed Belts . 9-4
9.3 Getting in Step with Hybrid Belts . 9-6
9.4 Equations for Computing Creep in Belt Drives 9-10
9.5 Mechanisms for Adjusting Tension of Belt Drives . 9-14
9.6 Leather Belts-hp Loss and Speeds . 9-16
Section 10. Shafts & Couplings . 10-1
10.1 Overview of Shafts & Couplings 10-2
10.2 Critical Speeds of End Supported Bare Shafts . 10-5
10.3 Shaft Torque: Charts Find Equivalent Sections 10-6
10.4 Novel Linkage for Coupling Offset Shafts . 10-8
10.5 Coupling of Parallel Shafts 10-10
10.6 Low-cost Methods of Coupling Small Diameter Shafts . 10-12
10.7 Typical Methods of Coupling Rotating Shafts I . 10-14
10.8 Typical Methods of Coupling Rotating Shafts II 10-16
10.9 Typical Designs of Flexible Couplings I . 10-18
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10.10 Typical Designs of Flexible Couplings II 10-20
10.11 Typical Designs of Flexible Couplings III . 10-22
10.12 Ten Universal Shaft Couplings 10-24
10.13 Novel Coupling Shifts Shafts . 10-26
Section 11. Threaded Components . 11-1
11.1 Getting the Most from Screws . 11-2
11.2 20 Dynamic Applications for Screw Threads . 11-4
11.3 16 Ways to Align Sheets and Plates with One Screw . 11-8
11.4 Various Methods of Locking Threaded Members 11-10
11.5 How to Provide for Backlash in Threaded Parts 11-12
11.6 7 Special Screw Arrangements . 11-14
11.7 World of Self-locking Screws . 11-16
Section 12. Pins 12-1
12.1 Slotted Spring Pins Find Many Jobs . 12-2
12.2 8 Unusual Jobs for Spring Pins . 12-4
12.3 8 Electrical Jobs for Spring Pins 12-6
12.4 8 More Spring Pin Applications . 12-8
12.5 Uses of Split Pins 12-10
12.6 Design Around Spiral Wrapped Pins . 12-12
12.7 A Penny-wise Connector: the Cotter Pin . 12-14
12.8 Standards of Slotted-type Spring Pins 12-16
12.9 Standards of Coiled-type Spring Pins . 12-17
12.10 Standards of Grooved Pins . 12-18
12.11 Standards of Round-head Grooved Drive Studs . 12-19
12.12 Standards of Grooved T-head Cotter Pins 12-20
12.13 Standards of Cotter Pins . 12-21
12.14 Pin and Shaft of Equal Strength 12-22
Section 13. Springs . 13-1
13.1 12 Ways to Put Springs to Work . 13-2
13.2 Multiple Uses of Coil Springs 13-4
13.3 Control Depth Primer Tool Employs Coil Springs . 13-6
13.4 One Spring Returns the Hand Lever . 13-8
13.5 6 More One Spring Lever Return Designs 13-10
13.6 How to Stiffen Bellows with Springs 13-12
13.7 Springs: How to Design for Variable Rate . 13-14
13.8 Adjustable Extension Springs 13-16
13.9 Compression Spring Adjustment Methods I 13-18
13.10 Compression Spring Adjustment Methods II . 13-20
13.11 Flat Springs in Mechanisms 13-22
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13.12 Flat Springs Find More Work . 13-24
13.13 Pneumatic Spring Reinforcement 13-26
Section 14. Cams 14-1
14.1 Generating Cam Curves 14-2
14.2 Cams and Gears Team Up in Programmed Motion 14-9
14.3 Spherical Cams: Linking Up Shafts . 14-11
14.4 Modifications and Uses for Basic Types of Cams . 14-14
14.5 Nomogram for Parabolic Cam with Radically Moving Follower . 14-16
Section 15. Grommets, Spacers & Inserts 15-1
15.1 A Fresh Look at Rubber Grommets 15-2
15.2 These Spacers Are Adjustable 15-4
15.3 Odd Jobs for Rubber Mushroom Bumpers 15-6
15.4 Spacers Used in Jigs & Fixtures . 15-8
15.5 Flanged Inserts Stabilize Multi-stroke Reloading Press 15-9
15.6 Metal Inserts for Plastic Parts 15-10
15.7 How to Select Threaded Inserts 15-12
15.8 Applications of Helical Wire Inserts . 15-15
Section 16. Washers . 16-1
16.1 Ideas for Flat Washers 16-2
16.2 Versatile Flat Washers 16-4
16.3 Jobs for Flat Rubber Washers . 16-6
16.4 Take Another Look at Serrated Washers 16-8
16.5 Dished Washers Are Versatile Components . 16-10
16.6 Design Problems Solved with Belleville Spring Washers 16-12
16.7 Creative Ideas for Cupped Washers . 16-14
16.8 SEM Applications 16-16
16.9 SEM Standards Tables . 16-17
Section 17. O-rings . 17-1
17.1 8 Unusual Applications for O-rings 17-2
17.2 16 Unusual Applications for the O-ring 17-4
17.3 Look at O-rings Differently . 17-6
17.4 O-rings Solve Design Problems I 17-8
17.5 O-rings Solve Design Problems II . 17-10
17.6 7 More Applications for O-rings . 17-12
17.7 Design Recommendations for O-ring Seals 17-14
17.8 O-ring Seals for Pump Valves . 17-16
Section 18. Retaining Rings . 18-1
18.1 Comparisons of Retaining Rings versus Typical Fasteners 18-2
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18.2 Retaining Rings Aid Assembly, I . 18-4
18.3 Retaining Rings Aid Assembly, Il 18-6
18.4 Coupling Shafts with Retaining Rings . 18-8
18.5 The Versatile Retaining Ring . 18-12
18.6 The Multiple-purpose Retaining Ring 18-16
18.7 More Work for Round Retaining Rings 18-18
18.8 Deflections of Perpendicularly Loaded Split Circular Rings 18-20
18.9 Improve Design with Retaining Rings . 18-22
Section 19. Balls . 19-1
19.1 12 Ways to Put Balls to Work 19-2
19.2 How Soft Balls Can Simplify Design 19-4
19.3 Rubber Balls Find Many Jobs . 19-6
19.4 Multiple Use of Balls in Milk Transfer System . 19-8
19.5 Use of Balls in Reloading Press 19-10
19.6 Nine Types of Ball Slides for Linear Motion 19-12
19.7 Stress on a Bearing Ball 19-14
19.8 Compact Ball Transfer Units . 19-16
19.9 Classic Uses of Balls in Valves . 19-17
Section 20. Bushings & Bearings 20-1
20.1 Going Creative with Flanged Bushings . 20-2
20.2 Seven Creative Ideas for Flanged Rubber Bushings 20-5
20.3 Rotary-linear Bearings . 20-7
20.4 Unusual Applications of Miniature Bearings 20-8
20.5 Rolling Contact Bearing Mounting Units 20-10
20.6 Eleven Ways to Oil Lubricate Ball Bearings 20-12
20.7 Lubrication of Small Bearings 20-14
20.8 Cage Keeps Bearings in Line and Lubricated . 20-16
Index I-1

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